Investing in Emerging Markets

Investing in Emerging Markets

Emerging markets are usually seen as a risky asset class. News headlines in recent years of street protests, rapid currency devaluations and corporate governance blow-ups have done little to dispel these impressions.

Download PDF version
Important Note: Click to maximiseImportant Note: I have read and agree, click to minimise

This document contains information which is no longer up to date. As such, it is maintained on the website solely for informational purposes to provide historical information. The document should not be relied upon, including for the purposes of an investment decision. Stewart Investors recommend that you seek professional investment advice before making a decision to invest in any fund.

This document is a financial promotion for the Stewart Investors Global Emerging Markets Sustainability Strategy and is intended for retail and professional clients in the UK and professional clients in Switzerland and the EEA only and professional clients elsewhere where lawful.

Investing involves certain risks including:

  • The value of investments and any income from them may go down as well as up and are not guaranteed. Investors may get back significantly less than the original amount invested.
  • Emerging market risk: Emerging markets tend to be more sensitive to economic and political conditions than developed markets. Other factors include greater liquidity risk, restrictions on investment or transfer of assets, failed/delayed settlement and difficulties valuing securities.
  • Currency risk: the strategy invests in assets which are denominated in other currencies; changes in exchange rates will affect the value of the strategy and could create losses. Currency control decisions made by governments could affect the value of the strategy’s investments and could cause the strategy to defer or suspend redemptions of its shares.

Reference to specific securities (if any) is included for the purpose of illustration only and should not be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell. Reference to the names of any company is merely to explain the investment strategy and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to invest in any of those companies.

If you are in any doubt as to the suitability of our strategy/strategies for your investment needs, please seek investment advice.

A focus on quality and the long-term are key when investing in emerging markets.
- Jack Nelson, Sustainable Funds Group

Emerging markets are usually seen as a risky asset class. News headlines in recent years of street protests, rapid currency devaluations and corporate governance blow-ups have done little to dispel these impressions.

But holding equities means investing in individual businesses, not in countries as a whole. And clearly all companies are not equally risky.

A business laden with debt has a far higher chance of going bust than a business with a robust balance sheet. And a company whose owners have a track record of deceiving regulators is far more likely to be falsifying their accounts than one managed by a reputable steward.

A focus on active investment 

Emerging markets as a whole are risky, and that is why it is so important to be selective in choosing which companies to own. Passive investing is an especially ineffectual approach in emerging markets because many of the largest companies are such poor quality. In some cases they are listed arms of the Chinese government, or are controlled by oligarchs with documented histories of criminality. 

To invest in such companies would be to invite disaster: we don’t know when or indeed if the issues inherent will manifest themselves. We believe there is simply no need to take such risks with clients’ capital when there are so many high quality alternatives available.

Emerging markets contain many of the riskiest and arguably the worst companies in the world, however they also have some of the best. That’s why our approach to investing–active and bottom-up works so well. The best companies have been around a long time and have survived, and indeed thrived, through everything from military coups to hyperinflation. Sticking to those with robust balance sheets, resilient cash flows, and honest owners is in our view the best way to remove much of the risk from investing in emerging markets. Finding these select high quality businesses and holding on to them for the long-run is the heart of our approach.

An example of a quality company 

One example would be Dabur, an Indian personal care goods manufacturer focused on natural, Ayurvedic products, which we have held in the Global Emerging Markets Sustainability Strategy since launch in 2009.

Dabur has been owned by the founding Burman family since 1884. A 135-year, multi-generational perspective helps keep the company’s culture focused on the long-term and able to make  decisions which defer some profits today for greater profits tomorrow. 

Despite family ownership, the company has been run for the last 17 years by Mr Sunil Duggal, a professional executive with experience at multinational companies like PepsiCo. We have repeatedly found this mix of family in the background and executives in charge of operations to be a powerful combination. Done well, the family can provide the space for long-term decision making, while professionals can bring best practice in execution.

Over the last decade, Dabur has delivered wonderfully on the promise we thought it had back in 2009. It has benefited from a rising trend towards natural, herbal-based wellness products to take market share from multinationals. The company has built a successful overseas business and doubled the proportion of sales from outside India to over 30%.1 And more than anything else it has managed to combine growth with fantastic economics.

Dabur’s very strong brands and distribution into rural India have allowed it to sustain high margins and extremely attractive returns on invested capital. Making the right branding and capital allocation decisions allowed the company to take advantage of the burgeoning income of Indian consumers to grow its free cash flow at 17% per annum for the last decade.2

A profitable business model which is growing strongly is always likely to reward investors over the long-term, and indeed since the launch of our Global Emerging Markets Sustainability Strategy, Dabur has contributed a 24% compound annual return, increasing in value nine-fold over that period.3

To capture such stellar returns from the top quality companies that exist in emerging markets, it is essential to be patient and hold on to them for years and years in order to get the full benefit. 

If you had held Dabur for nine of the last 12 years, but you had inopportunely missed out on the best three years of returns, the value of your investment would have increased in value only 3-fold over the period. 

Of course, if you were able to trade in and out repeatedly, you could have made even more than nine times your money. Trading frequently, focusing on momentum, valuation arbitrage4 and keeping on top of industry noise can be a successful way of investing. But timing markets is extremely difficult, and it is not our skillset. It suits us much better to simply hold on and to direct our energy, rather than towards timing, into identifying which companies really are worth holding for extended periods.

Lengthening time horizons out to over five years means a focus on:

  • Quality
  • The integrity of the owners
  • The economics of the business
  • The conservatism of the financials
  • The sustainability positioning of the products themselves

This is what we spend our careers thinking about.

An emerging markets portfolio  

We use these features, assessed subjectively and from the bottom-up, to pick our favourite companies. We are looking to own shares in 30-50 companies from a universe of tens of thousands; we are interested in owning only the very best. 

We say no to almost everything, and rule out companies where there is a hint of aggressive accounting or a chance of weakening barriers to entry. Our job is to look obsessively for what can go wrong.  It always pays to remember that in equities, no matter what price you pay, the downside is always a potential 100% loss of capital. It is not a worthwhile exercise to compromise on quality, especially in emerging markets.

Therefore we are unashamedly selective. Of 5,000 listed companies in China, there are around five that we would invest in at the right price. 

In Russia, that number is zero. We simply haven’t found a good enough business and owner. And our approach means we are not forced to own anything in Russia, regardless of what market indices or benchmarks say. Passive investors, or those active managers who closely track benchmarks, are unfortunately compelled to own the largest companies in Russia like state-controlled entities in commodity industries. These companies face an unquantifiable risk that government action on climate change could mean much of the oil and gas they control must be left in the ground and is therefore worthless.

Sustainability is central 

Assessing the sustainability positioning of companies’ business models, and the products they provide, is central in our process in determining which companies we consider good enough to own for clients. If you are hoping to own companies for five or ten years, then you simply have to think about whether the business model is going to face headwinds due to sustainability risks. To do otherwise would be an abrogation of your fiduciary duty to clients.

We don’t think it’s an attractive risk-return trade-off to own, for example, fossil fuel companies which could see their business models completely disrupted through electric vehicles or solar energy. Choosing to avoid these companies is not about expressing a set of ethical positions about ‘sin stocks’. We are simply saying that in attempting to maximise returns and minimise risks for clients, it is imperative that we incorporate thinking about sustainability into the core of the investment process. 

We want to find companies that can grow, profitably. Companies facing sustainability headwinds often fail to meet that criteria.

On the other hand, it expressly does not mean finding companies which are well-positioned to contribute to sustainable development regardless of their other qualities. We will not own a company with a poor balance sheet or a questionable owner solely due to its sustainability credentials. 

Like Dabur, companies that can benefit from sustainability trends like the move to herbal wellness products while making good money, are in our view likely to prove the best long-term investments.

We believe companies like Dabur that benefit from sustainable development, have great business models and honest owners can help clients avoid the risks of emerging markets while benefiting from the opportunities. We are 12 years into our journey owning Dabur on behalf of clients, and look forward to hopefully many more years of the same.

*Reference to specific securities should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to invest in any of those companies.

Footnotes

  1. Stewart Investors investment team, company research as at 30 November 2019.

  2. Stewart Investors investment team, company research as at 30 November 2019.

  3. Stewart Investors investment team, company research as at 30 November 2019.

  4. Valuation arbitrage – a trading strategy which involves selling companies viewed as overvalued and buying ones regarded as inexpensive.

Subscribe to our updates

To get regular updates and content from Stewart Investors, please register here.

Investment terms

View our list of investment terms to help you understand the terminology within this document.

Important Information

This document has been prepared for general information purposes only and is intended to provide a summary of the subject matter covered. It does not purport to be comprehensive or to give advice. The views expressed are the views of the writer at the time of issue and may change over time. Some of the information in this document has been compiled using data from a representative strategy account. This information relates to an existing Stewart Investors strategy and has been provided to illustrate Stewart Investors’ expertise in the strategy. This material is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute a recommendation, a solicitation, an offer, an advice or an invitation to purchase or sell any fund and should in no case be interpreted as such. This is not an offer document, and does not constitute an offer, invitation, investment recommendation or inducement to distribute or purchase securities, shares, units or other interests or to enter into an investment agreement. No person should rely on the content and/or act on the basis of any matter contained in this document.

The distribution or purchase of shares in the funds, or entering into an investment agreement with Stewart Investors may be restricted in certain jurisdictions.

This document is confidential and must not be copied, reproduced, circulated or transmitted, in whole or in part, and in any form or by any means without our prior written consent. The information contained within this document has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable and accurate at the time of issue but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to the fairness, accuracy or completeness of the information. We do not accept any liability for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly from any use of this document.

References to “we” or “us” are references to Stewart Investors. Stewart Investors is a trading name of First Sentier Investors (UK) Funds Limited, First Sentier Investors International IM Limited and First Sentier Investors (Ireland) Limited. First Sentier Investors entities referred to in this document are part of First Sentier Investors, a member of MUFG, a global financial group. First Sentier Investors includes a number of entities in different jurisdictions. MUFG and its subsidiaries do not guarantee the performance of any investment or entity referred to in this document or the repayment of capital. Any investments referred to are not deposits or other liabilities of MUFG or its subsidiaries, and are subject to investment risk including loss of income and capital invested.

Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. 

Reference to specific securities (if any) is included for the purpose of illustration only and should not be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell. Reference to the names of any company is merely to explain the investment strategy and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to invest in any of those companies. 

United Kingdom 

This document is a financial promotion. In the United Kingdom, this document is issued by First Sentier Investors (UK) Funds Limited which is authorised and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority (registration number 143359). Registered office: Finsbury Circus House, 15 Finsbury Circus, London, EC2M 7EB, number 2294743.

European Economic Area (“EEA”)

In the EEA, this document is issued by First Sentier Investors (Ireland) Limited which is authorised and regulated in Ireland by the Central Bank of Ireland (registered number C182306) in connection with the activity of receiving and transmitting orders. Registered office: 70 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland, number 629188.

Other jurisdictions

In other jurisdictions where this document may lawfully be issued, this document is issued by First Sentier Investors International IM Limited which is authorised and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority (registration number 122512). Registered office 23 St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, EH2 1BB number SC079063.